What is rainwater
harvesting?
Roof top rainwater harvesting is
rainwater that is captured from the roofs of buildings on residential property. Harvested
rainwater can be used for indoor needs at a residence, irrigation, or both, in whole or in
part.
Rainwater harvesting is defined
as a method for inducing, collecting, storing and conserving local surface runoff for
recharging surface water bodies and ground water, irrigation purpose and reducing soil
moisture deficit (SMD).
Rainwater conservation has four phases. The four
phases are:
i) Rainfall induces surface flow on the runoff area.
ii) At the lower end of the slope, runoff collects in the basin area,
iii) The major portion water collected infiltrates and is stored in the root zone of the
soil.
iv) After infiltration has ceased, then follows the conservation of the stored soil water.
Why rainwater
harvesting?
Fresh water is a limited and precious
resource that is often taken for granted. While many areas of the developing world lack
supplies of safe drinking water. Water shall be a major issue for the 21st century and
water resources a real source of international & interstate conflict.
In most part of the continent,
extraction of water from rivers and underground aquifers is causing severe environmental
problems. In addition rainwater run-off during rainfall from roofs and other sealed
surfaces during heavy rain can lead to accumulated flooding in high-risk areas. The
protection of freshwater resources must therefore be improved world-wide to ensure that
drinking water does not become a luxury product.
Water is essential to all life - human,
animal and vegetation. It is therefore important that adequate supplies of water be
developed to sustain such life. Development of water supplies should, however, be
undertaken in such a way as to preserve the hydrological balance and the biological
functions of all ecosystems.
The development of water sources must
be within the capacity of nature to replenish and to sustain. If this is not done, costly
mistakes can occur with serious consequences. The application of innovative technologies
and the improvement of indigenous ones should therefore include management of the water
sources to ensure sustainability and to safeguard the sources against pollution. There is
now increasing interest in the low cost alternative-generally referred to as 'rain water
harvesting'.
Resources: Click here
In my opinion, the best source
guides on rainwater harvesting are:
» RWH
guide by Texas Water Development Board , » Domestic
Roofwater Harvesting Programme
» Rainwater harvesting Case Study » Rainwater
Harvesting & Treatment
Last edited on September 26, 2006.
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